English Grammar: Direct Speech dan Indirect Speech beserta Contoh Dalam Bahasa Inggris
– Bagi pelajar bahasa Inggris, direct dan indirect speech dapat menjadi sumber kebingungan. Banyak dari para pelajar masih bingung membedakan antara direct dan indirect speech. Mungkin ada juga yang tidak mengetahui apa direct dan indirect speech itu. Maka dari itu mari kita definisikan istilah direct dan indirect speech dahulu, kemudian mengetahui bagaimana menggunakan direct dan indirect speech, dan bagaimana mengubah direct ke indirect speech atau sebaliknya. Berikut ini penjelasannya.
Pengertian Direct dan Indirect Speech
Direct Speech
Direct Speech mengulangi, mengutip, kata-kata yang tepat diucapkan . Ketika kita menggunakan Direct Speech dalam writing, kita menempatkan kata-kata yang diucapkan di antara tanda kutip ( ” ” ) dan tidak ada perubahan dalam kata-kata. Kita dapat melaporkan sesuatu yang dikatakan SEKARANG( misalnya percakapan telepon ) , atau memberitahu seseorang kemudian tentang percakapan sebelumnya .
Contoh Direct Speech sebagai berikut:
My mom said, “What time will you be home?”
She said, “What time will you be home?” and I answered, “at 7 o’clock! “
“There’s a fly in my soup!” screamed Jono.
Mrs. Julia said, “There’s a pigeon outside the window.”
Indirect Speech
Indirect Speech atau juga disebut Reported Speech, biasanya digunakan untuk berbicara tentang masa lalu , jadi kita secara umum mengubah tenses dari kata yang diucapkan . Kami menggunakan verb seperti ‘ say’ , ‘tell’ , ‘ask’ , dan kita dapat menggunakan kata ‘that’ untuk memperkenalkan kata-kata yang dilaporkan. Tanda petik tidak digunakan.
Kita ambil contoh kalimat
She said, “I saw him.” (direct speech) >>> She said that she had seen him. (indirect speech)
Penggunaan ‘that’ juga dapat dihilangkan:
She told him that she was happy. >>> She told him she was happy.
SAY dan TELL
Gunakan ‘say’ ketika tidak ada indirect object
He said that he was tired.
dan selalu gunakan ‘tell’ ketika Anda sedang berbicara dengan ( indirect object)
He told me that he was tired.
TALK dan SPEAK
Gunakan kata kerja ini untuk menggambarkan aksi komunikasi:
He talked to us.
She was speaking on the telephone.
Gunakan verbs dengan ‘about’ untuk mengacu kepada apa yang dikatakan.
He talked (to us) about his parents.
She was speaking about her parents on the telephone.
Tense pada Indirect/Reported Speech
Biasanya, tense pada Indirect/Reported Speech adalah satu tense kembali di waktu dari tense pada direct speech:
She said, “I am tired.” = She said that she was tired.
| Phrase in Direct Speech | Equivalent in Reported Speech |
|---|---|
| Simple present "I always drink coffee", she said. | Simple past She said that she always drank coffee. |
| Present continuous "I am reading a book", he explained. | Past continuous He explained that he was reading a book |
| Simple past "Bill arrived on Saturday", he said. | Past perfect He said that Bill had arrived on Saturday. |
| Present perfect "I have been to Spain", he told me. | Past perfect He told me that he had been to Spain. |
| Past perfect "I had just turned out the light," he explained. | Past perfect He explained that he had just turned out the light. |
| Present perfect continuous They complained, "We have been waiting for hours". | Past perfect continuous They complained that they had been waiting for hours. |
| Past continuous "We were living in Paris", they told me. | Past perfect continuous They told me that they had been living in Paris. |
| Future "I will be in Geneva on Monday", he said. | Present conditional He said that he would be in Geneva on Monday. |
| Future continuous She said, "I'll be using the car next Friday". | Conditional continuous She said that she would be using the car next Friday. |
Anda tidak perlu mengubah tenses jika kata kerja (reporting verbs) adalah pada saat ini , atau jika pernyataan asli tentang sesuatu yang masih benar , misalnya:
He says he has missed the train but he’ll catch the next one.
We explained that it is very difficult to find our house.
Beberapan modal verbs berikut ini tidak berubah pada reported speech: might, could, would, should, ought
We explained, “It could be difficult to find our house.” = We explained that it could be difficult to find our house.
She said, “I might bring a friend to the party.” = She said that she might bring a friend to the party.
Demikian English Grammar: Direct Speech dan Indirect Speech beserta Contoh, semoga dapat bermanfaat dan dapat menambah wawasan Anda dalam belajar bahasa inggris. Terimakasih.